Este artigo é uma adaptação da palestra de abertura da 41ª Semana de Filosofia da UnB. O texto aborda as relações entre Lessing e Kierkegaard em torno das Escrituras sagradas.

Filozofia pamięci jest gorącym tematem w kognitywistyce i filozofii umysłu. Niniejsza praca analizuje spór między symulacjami a przyczynową teorią pamięci poprzez badanie poczucia swojskości i jego związku ze śladami pamięciowymi, a dokładniej w jaki sposób zwiększają one płynność rekonstrukcji przeszłych epizodów. Zrozumienie relacji między śladami swojskości i pamięci, a ponadto relacji między pełnoprawną fenomenologią pamięci a poczuciem subiektywnej pewności epizodu, jaki miał miejsce w przeszłości, prowadzi do odmiennej interpretacji rywalizacji między tym, co przyczynowe, a tym, co symulacyjne.

Palavras Mágicas: solução instantânea para questões pedagógicas? Resumo: O objetivo desse artigo é analisar, com base no aporte teórico-epistemológico da hermenêutica objetiva, a presença, a razão e utilização das palavras mágicas no contexto escolar, especialmente nas relações estabelecidas entre os alunos e professores. Para tanto, o cartaz “Palavras Mágicas”, uma imagem captada em uma escola pública do ensino fundamental, no município de São Carlos – SP, em 2018, foi reconstruído empiricamente e interpretado por um grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros e um (...) estrangeiro. O significado histórico-cultural das palavras mágicas, bem como o questionamento acerca da pertinência da adoção de práticas “pedagógicas mágicas” na escola, foi contrastado com o sentido pedagógico da formação escolar. Os resultados da análise indicam que a pedagogia não pode ser praticada de forma mágica, mediante a instantaneidade e instrumentalização de suas ações, pois se assim o for, estaríamos decretando o fim da Pedagogia. Palavras-chave: Palavras mágicas; Pedagogia; Formação; Teoria crítica; Hermenêutica objetiva. Magic Words: instant solution to pedagogical questions? Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze, based on the theoretical-epistemological contribution of objective hermeneutics, the presence, reason and use of magic words in the school context, especially in the relationships established between students and teachers. To this end, the poster “Palavras Mágicas”, an image captured in a public elementary school in the municipality of São Carlos - SP, in 2018, was reconstructed empirically and interpreted by a group of Brazilian researchers and a foreigner. The historical-cultural meaning of magic words, as well as the questioning about the pertinence of adopting “magical pedagogical” practices in school, were contrasted with the pedagogical sense of school formation. The results of the analysis indicate that pedagogy cannot be practiced in a magical way, by means of the instantaneous and instrumentalization of its actions, because if it happened, we would be decreeing the end of Pedagogy. Keyword: Magic words; Pedagogy; Formation; Critical theory; Objective hermeneutics. Palabras mágicas: ¿solución instantánea a cuestiones pedagógicas? Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, con base en la contribución teórico-epistemológica de la hermenéutica objetiva, la presencia, la razón y el uso de palabras mágicas en el contexto escolar, especialmente en las relaciones establecidas entre estudiantes y docentes. Con este fin, el póster "Palavras Mágicas", una imagen capturada en una escuela primaria pública en el municipio de São Carlos - SP, en 2018, fue reconstruida empíricamente e interpretada por un grupo de investigadores brasileños y un extranjero. El significado histórico-cultural de las palabras mágicas, así como el cuestionamiento sobre la pertinencia de adoptar prácticas "mágicas pedagógicas" en la escuela, se contrasta con el sentido pedagógico de la formación escolar. Los resultados del análisis indican que la pedagogía no se puede practicar de manera mágica, por medio de la instantánea y la instrumentalización de sus acciones, porque de ser así, estaríamos decretando el fin de la pedagogía. Palabra clave: Palabras mágicas; Pedagogía; Formación; Teoría crítica; Hermenéutica objetiva. Data de registro: 13/09/2020 Data de aceite: 05/08/2021 Financiamento de Pesquisa: FAPESP. (shrink)

Resenha da obra: ZUIN, Antônio Álvaro Soares; COSTA, Belarmino Cesar Guimarães da; GOMES, Luiz Roberto; LASTÓRIA, Luiz Antônio Calmon Nabuco (org.). Teoria crítica, formação cultural e educação: homenagem a Bruno Pucci. Piracicaba: Editora Unimep, 2018. 396p.

From Locke' treatment of the issue of slavery and Descartes' silence on the issue to Hegel' philosophy of religion and Nietzsche' "racial profiling," this book ...

Enhancing the quality of learning opportunities for students with disabilities and the learning level attained is a pending challenge. This challenge is especially relevant in the context of special schools, where the learning possibilities derived from interactions with others is limited. However, providing these students with a sufficient level of instrumental learning, such as literacy, and communicative and reasoning abilities is crucial for their subsequent educational and social opportunities. In this case study we analyse a special school that has implemented (...) Dialogic Literary Gatherings with their students as a means to increase learning interactions within the group around the reading and debate of classical books. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the school principal and with a teacher of the transition to adult life course, and two focus groups were conducted with teachers–one with primary education teachers and one with secondary education teachers–and two focus groups with students–one with primary education students and one secondary education and transition to adult life students–. On the one hand, results show the characteristics of the Dialogic Literary Gatherings that allowed these students to participate and learn. On the other hand, several improvements have been observed. First, regarding instrumental learning, students increased their motivation for reading, and improved their communicative and reasoning abilities and in their reading proficiency. Second, regarding students' behavior, conflict has reduced, solidarity attitudes have increased, and they have acquired dialogic and argumentative habits. Finally, at the emotional level, they gained self-esteem and confidence and feel more empowered to make their voice heard. (shrink)

While there has been renewed attention to racial justice in the United States and around the world recently, there is a long tradition among philosophers and other theorists of reflecting on the nature racial injustice and the remedies that it demands. This article discusses two prominent approaches to racial justice, liberal egalitarian theory and critical race theory, and focuses on four issue areas: reparations, affirmative action and race‐conscious policy, integration, and criminal justice. Although liberal and critical approaches to racial justice (...) are sometimes seen as in opposition to each other, it is argued here that there is often convergence as well. Despite their differing pedigrees, a shared commitment to racial equality and a shared recognition of the profound, structural nature of racial inequality often leads scholars from different starting points to similar, radical conclusions. (shrink)

En este artículo abordamos la tesis de Kant sobre la insociable sociabilidad de los humanos y algunos temas conexos como la paz perpetua, el cosmopolitismo y el patriotismo, así como su continuación por parte de Hegel. En la tesis kantiana vemos un marco más adecuado para observar la realidad actual que el ofrecido por muchas de las teorías políticas y sociales más en uso. A pesar de que Kant era sin duda un filósofo moral, la tesis mencionada responde a cierta (...) desconfianza sobrevenida hacia los meros imperativos morales. Estos últimos, por sí mismos, resultan ineficaces para «humanizar a la humanidad ». La racionalidad pasada por el lenguaje es lo que más nos distingue como especie. Sin embargo, probablemente no sea esto lo que más nos constituya como individuos de esta especie. La insociable sociabilidad, que caracteriza la doble pulsión conflictiva y cooperativa de los humanos, supone un concepto- marco que permite pensar mejor las dificultades actuales de las democracias, tanto en la esfera internacional como en el de proceder a una acomodación política estable de su pluralismo interno de carácter cultural y, en su caso, de carácter nacional. Kant y Hegel son filósofos de la historia porque esta última ofrece ejemplos de la superación de muchos conflictos mediante la política. Desde una perspectiva contemporánea, la insociable sociabilidad es un concepto que complementa tanto en sus dimensiones individuales como sociopolíticas lo que también resulta ser un rasgo insuperable del mundo contemporáneo: el pluralismo de valores, intereses, e identidades que habitualmente revisten un carácter agonístico y que remiten a componentes emocionales. (shrink)

Communicative acts of some women are perpetuating the dominance that DTM have over both women and OTM. Some women use language in a disdainful manner to reprimand oppressed men’s behavior in daily life situations, the same behavior that such women would not reproach to DTM. But NAM are reacting to this. This article analyzes the communicative acts employed in all these situations, both those produced by women and DTM, as well as NAM’s communicative acts in response to those offenses. Data (...) was collected using communicative daily life stories of give women and three men with diverse profiles and different levels of participation in women’s and men’s movements. Findings highlight, from the transformative dimension of the communicative methodology, that the use of language of desire in NAM’s reactions is effective not only to make justice with men who have never executed violence on women, but also to undermine the attractiveness of both DTM’s behavior and the comments of some women on such behavior. These findings complement previous research on preventive socialization of gender violence by broadening scientific knowledge on NAM’s communicative acts that prevent and eradicate gender-based violence. Further research ought to broaden the evidence of how some women who defend feminist values sometimes do not support and even tease or reprimand men who practice these values; moreover, an important line could analyze the way people talk about men with NAM attitudes to hold back reprimands in comparison to how people talk about men who follow a DTM model. (shrink)

El propósito del presente estudio consiste en pensar la ambivalencia con que Zambrano aborda el género de la novela. De un lado, las reflexiones en La confesión, género literario posicionan a Zambrano próxima a las críticas de Benjamin y Adorno a propósito de la cosificación de la novela como género burgués de consumo. De otro lado, sus exposiciones en El sueño creador conciben la novela como la actualización del sueño de la libertad mediante el que el hombre pensarse desbordando la (...) medida de lo humano. Esta ambivalencia del género revela el relato como la condición de posibilidad e imposibilidad de una temporalidad incalculable, no cuantitativa, lo que vinculará las reflexiones de Zambrano con el pensamiento de Derrida. The aim of this study is to think the ambivalence with which Zambrano tackles the novel’s gender. On the one side, her thesis in La confesión, género literario bring Zambrano closer to Benjamin, and Adorno’s critique to the novel as a bourgeois and consumable gender. On the other side, Zambrano’s statements in El sueño creador depict the novel as the fulfillment of a dream of freedom, where man can question himself beyond the limits of the human. In this ambivalence, the narrative gender shows both the conditions of possibility and the conditions of impossibility of a non-quantitative temporality. This aporetic character of the novel opens a discussion between Zambrano and Derrida’s thought. (shrink)

El propósito de este estudio consiste en mostrar la crítica de Kierkegaard a la metafísica de la lectura a través de su problematización de la noción de autor y su revisión de la noción de público en su obraDos épocas. Una recensión literaria. Para ello, se rechazará la interpretación habitual de esta obra, basada en la distinción público/privado, y se valorará la propuesta de Kierkegaard mediante las nociones de cuerpo e intimidad. Ello implicará una redefinición del lenguaje desde el secreto (...) y el silencio, y apuntará hacia una relación compleja entre la literatura, el cuerpo, la subjetividad y la religión. (shrink)

This paper examines the astrological and religious thinking of Moshe ben Nahman (also known as Ramban or Nahmanides) and the intellectual connections in this field with two of the most outstanding Christian thinkers of his time, Ramon Llull and Arnau de Vilanova. Nahmanides, like many medieval scholars, admitted an astral influence, but he did not accept astrology as a divinatory science. He incorporated astrological doctrines in his exegetical works, assuming that Israel is not determined by any star because it only (...) responds to God. Yet the study of medieval medicine and its application cannot be separated from astrology practice because it was considered that the stars had a direct influence not only on the development of the human body, from birth to death, but also in the disease processes which affect it. Ramban and his disciple Solomon ben Adret accepted and practiced astrological medicine. Llull and de Vilanova also devoted themselves to this discipline. All of them agree on the influence of the stars on humankind but condemned astral magic. Like Ramban, Llull rejects other astrological methods considered non-scientific in his time, such as prediction through horoscope. Thus, these thinkers tried to develop an astrology that was not in contradiction with divine omnipotence or free will. (shrink)

RésuméD. C. Matthew apporte une contribution importante au débat en cours entre les intégrationnistes et leurs critiques. Alors que la conclusion de Matthew selon laquelle les noirs ont le devoir de ne pas s'intégrer est trop forte, son compte rendu fournit des raisons supplémentaires pour lesquelles ils peuvent ne pas vouloir s'intégrer. D'autres raisons de résister à l'intégration peuvent être fournies en considérant les contextes d'intégration, en particulier en ce qui concerne le degré de coercition qu'ils impliquent. Je soutiens que (...) la résistance à l'intégration devrait prendre la forme non seulement du refus d'y participer, mais aussi de l'engagement dans une action politique collective pour la poursuite de la justice raciale. (shrink)

VIEIRA, José Álvaro Campos. Aurora de uma espiritualidade sem religião: análise dos sem religião a partir da concepção de espiritualidade não religiosa de Marià Corbi. 2014. Dissertação , Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

El propósito del presente artículo consiste en indagar las diferencias de fuerza que sostienen el aparato conceptual de la obra de Suely Rolnik, para pensar una poética de la resistencia pasiva. Para ello, se abordará primero un análisis de la tradición biopolítica para distinguir una tendencia inmanentista (Foucault, Agamben) de otra que vincula la vida con la alteridad (Butler, Coccia). A continuación, se leerá esta segunda tendencia desde la teoría de la performatividad después de la deconstrucción, para proponer una genealogía (...) de la fuerza vulnerable que se denominará speech passion theory. En fin, el artículo enmarca en esta genealogía la fuerza afirmativa de Rolnik, y piensa desde ella la tarea de la política y el arte como una práctica estética más allá de la institución del arte. (shrink)

Numerous researchers have examined the antecedents of trust between managers and subordinates. Recent studies conclude that their influence varies depending on whether what is being examined is a manager's trust in a subordinate or a subordinate's trust in a manager. However, the reasons given to justify this phenomenon present limitations. This article offers a new theoretical approach that relates the influence of each antecedent to Aristotelian forms of reasoning, ethical, and instrumental. The proposed approach shows that the influence of each (...) antecedent depends on which rationality prevails in the person who trusts. The contribution of this article is to better explain the phenomenon of interpersonal trust formation and its logic, while offering at the same time several practical implications for managers interested in developing an organizational culture based on trust. The article begins with a literature review of more relevant empirical studies analyzing superior–subordinate trust formation and presents some theoretical limitations of the arguments described in these works. Then, it offers a new theorerical approach based on Aristotelian thought to explain the influence of the antecedents of trust in management–subordinate relationships. The theoretical contribution is then confirmed in an empirical study of 163 mid-level managers in Spain. (shrink)

In this article, we draw on established views of CSR dysfunctionalities to show how and why CSR is regularly observed to be both shaped by and supportive of capitalism. We proceed to show that these dysfunctionalities are maintained by both the pro- and anticapitalist approaches to CSR, both of which imply an ill-defined separation of the economy and society as well an overly strong problem or solution focus on political and economic issues. Finally, we present a post-capitalist approach to CSR (...) that overcomes (1) the ill-defined separation of the economy and society, (2) the capitalist bias towards economic rationalities, and (3) the overidentification of society with its political system; this approach thus helps to manage the abovementioned CSR dysfunctionalities. (shrink)

Dans le présent article, il s’agit de reconsidérer le rapport entre pyrrhonisme et scepticisme académicien dans Les Essais de Montaigne, en posant l’hypothèse que le philosophe aurait, dès le début de sa réflexion, perçu ces deux tendances sceptiques comme des philosophies très proches, voire compatibles, malgré leurs divergences importantes. Son intérêt croissant pour les Academica de Cicéron, dans les versions postérieures des Essais, le conduirait donc non seulement à transformer son propre scepticisme (qu’il découvre de plus en plus proche de (...) celui de Cicéron), mais aussi à affiner son jugement sur les rapports entre les deux philosophies. En conclusion, l’article évoque brièvement ce qu’apportent ces éléments dans la perspective d’une nouvelle vision des relations entre Montaigne et Cicéron. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this paper I propose that examining Locke’s response to skepticism requires us to consider at least three distinct senses in which skepticism appears on the horizon of the Essay. Skepticism is addressed, directly or indirectly, (i) as a general outcome of philosophical inquiry, (ii) as a methodical decision to doubt, and also (iii) as the result of a particular problem that challenges the claim to knowledge. I think that by examining how Locke reacts to such issues, we get (...) a more accurate and nuanced picture of Locke’s relationship to skeptical philosophy. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de vivência (Erlebnis) na filosofia de Nietzsche, desde o seu primeiro emprego em língua alemã, seu significado e a recepção que Nietzsche faz da palavra no interior da sua filosofia. O conceito de Erlebnis, particularmente caro à filosofia de Nietzsche, mas também à fenomenologia, possui originariamente uma tríplice significação: a) a imediatez (Unmittelbarkeit) entre homem e mundo; b) a significabilidade (Bedeutsamkeit) para o caráter global da existência; e c) a incomensurabilidade (Inkommensurabilität) do (...) conteúdo da própria vivência, conferindo a ela também uma dimensão estética. A tríplice significação de Erlebnis implica na sua estreita associação a pathos. This paper aims to analyze the concept of experience (Erlebnis) in the Nietzsche's philosophy, since its first use into the German language, its meaning and reception of Nietzsche inside his philosophy. The concept of Erlebnis, especially dear to the philosophy of Nietzsche, but also to phenomenology, originally has a triple meaning: a) the immediacy (Unmittelbarkeit) between man and world, b) meaningfulness (Bedeutsamkeit) to the global nature of existence and c) incommensurability (Inkommensurabilität) of the experience's content itself, giving it also an aesthetic dimension. The threefold meaning of Erlebnis implies its close association with pathos. (shrink)

Neste artigo nos apoiamos em testemunhos diversos de Francis Bacon a respeito da relação entre sua filosofia e o ceticismo filosófico para estender o exame desse ponto ao âmbito de sua ?Doutrina dos Ídolos?. Pretendemos mostrar que, se por um lado as semelhanças revelam-se aí significativas , pode-se também observar, de outra parte, que já nessa Doutrina Bacon prepara uma via diversa da que atribui aos céticos, tanto em vista do modo como compreende a noção de natureza humana, como do (...) encadeamento metódico a que ele submete o material que toma dos céticos. (shrink)